{"id":2811,"date":"2025-05-13T21:37:00","date_gmt":"2025-05-14T02:37:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/worldcarenew.wpenginepowered.com\/?p=2811"},"modified":"2026-03-08T02:11:41","modified_gmt":"2026-03-08T07:11:41","slug":"rakovina-prsnika-coraz-personalizovanejsi-pristup-k-najbeznejsiemu-druhu-rakoviny","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.worldcare.com\/sk\/breast-cancer-an-increasingly-personalized-approach-to-the-most-common-cancer\/","title":{"rendered":"Rakovina prsn\u00edka: \u010coraz personalizovanej\u0161\u00ed pr\u00edstup k najbe\u017enej\u0161iemu druhu rakoviny"},"content":{"rendered":"

Rakovina prsn\u00edka je naj\u010dastej\u0161ie diagnostikovan\u00fdm n\u00e1dorom na svete, ktor\u00fd vznik\u00e1, ke\u010f sa bunky prsn\u00edka abnorm\u00e1lne mno\u017eia a menia sa na n\u00e1dory. Toto ochorenie predstavuje jednu z ka\u017ed\u00fdch \u00f4smich diagn\u00f3z rakoviny. V roku 2022 to pod\u013ea Svetovej zdravotn\u00edckej organiz\u00e1cie znamenalo, \u017ee rakovina prsn\u00edka bola prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t diagnostikovan\u00e1 takmer 2,3 mili\u00f3nom \u013eud\u00ed na celom svete.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V posledn\u00fdch desa\u0165ro\u010diach pacienti zaznamenali lep\u0161ie v\u00fdsledky: v\u010faka \u00fa\u010dinnej\u0161\u00edm liekom \u017eili po\u010das lie\u010dby rakoviny dlh\u0161ie a lep\u0161ie. O\u010dak\u00e1va sa, \u017ee tieto trendy bud\u00fa pokra\u010dova\u0165. Ned\u00e1vny n\u00e1rast pokroku vo v\u00fdskume rakoviny \u2013 v\u010faka faktorom, ako s\u00fa cielen\u00e9 terapie a anal\u00fdza umelou inteligenciou \u2013 priniesol \u010doraz personalizovanej\u0161\u00ed pr\u00edstup k lie\u010dbe rakoviny prsn\u00edka a s n\u00edm aj viac n\u00e1deje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rizikov\u00e9 faktory<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Pohlavie<\/strong>Preva\u017en\u00e1 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina pr\u00edpadov rakoviny prsn\u00edka sa vyskytuje u \u017eien. M\u00f4\u017eu \u0148ou v\u0161ak ochorie\u0165 aj mu\u017ei: Mu\u017ei predstavuj\u00fa pribli\u017ene 0,5 \u2013 11 TP3T v\u0161etk\u00fdch diagn\u00f3z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Vek<\/strong>Miera v\u00fdskytu rakoviny prsn\u00edka je najvy\u0161\u0161ia u \u017eien nad 70 rokov. Diagnostikuje sa v\u0161ak viac \u017eien mlad\u0161\u00edch ako 50 rokov. Tento trend sa za\u010dal pribli\u017ene pred dvadsiatimi rokmi, ale v posledn\u00fdch rokoch sa zv\u00fd\u0161il, najm\u00e4 u \u010derno\u0161iek vo veku 20 a\u017e 39 rokov. Ak maj\u00fa mlad\u0161ie \u017eeny vysok\u00e9 riziko<\/a> faktory, mali by sa so svoj\u00edm lek\u00e1rom porozpr\u00e1va\u0165 o opatreniach na v\u010dasn\u00fa detekciu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Dedi\u010dnos\u0165<\/strong>Dedi\u010dn\u00e9 g\u00e9nov\u00e9 mut\u00e1cie \u2013 ako napr\u00edklad BRCA1 a BRCA2 \u2013 m\u00f4\u017eu zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 riziko rakoviny prsn\u00edka. Pribli\u017ene 5 z 101 TP3T pr\u00edpadov m\u00e1 genetick\u00fd faktor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Hist\u00f3ria<\/strong>Ak u\u017e niekto prekonal rakovinu prsn\u00edka, je pravdepodobnej\u0161ie, \u017ee sa u neho objav\u00ed znova, \u010do sa naz\u00fdva recid\u00edva. K recid\u00edve m\u00f4\u017ee d\u00f4js\u0165 mesiace alebo roky po prvom v\u00fdskyte a m\u00f4\u017ee sa vyskytn\u00fa\u0165 na rovnakom mieste ako p\u00f4vodn\u00fd pr\u00edpad alebo na inej \u010dasti tela.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lie\u010dba rakoviny prsn\u00edka  <\/strong>      <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Lie\u010dba rakoviny prsn\u00edka je vysoko prisp\u00f4soben\u00e1 ka\u017edej pacientke, preto\u017ee r\u00f4zne formy m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 \u00fa\u010dinnej\u0161ie pri r\u00f4znych typoch a \u0161t\u00e1di\u00e1ch ochorenia. Niekedy m\u00f4\u017ee pacientka dosta\u0165 jednu lie\u010dbu, zatia\u013e \u010do inokedy m\u00f4\u017ee lie\u010dba zah\u0155\u0148a\u0165 kombin\u00e1ciu nieko\u013ek\u00fdch terapi\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Lieky<\/strong>Medzi lek\u00e1rske lie\u010dby rakoviny prsn\u00edka patr\u00ed chemoterapia, hormon\u00e1lna terapia a cielen\u00e9 biologick\u00e9 terapie. Niekedy sa tieto lie\u010dby pod\u00e1vaj\u00fa pred oper\u00e1ciou (\u201cneoadjuvantn\u00e1 lie\u010dba\u201d) a niekedy sa pod\u00e1vaj\u00fa po oper\u00e1cii (\u201cadjuvantn\u00e1 lie\u010dba\u201d).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 \u017diarenie<\/strong>R\u00e1dioterapia sa m\u00f4\u017ee pou\u017ei\u0165 takmer v ka\u017edom \u0161t\u00e1diu ochorenia a ni\u010d\u00ed rakovinov\u00e9 bunky pomocou vysokoenergetick\u00fdch r\u00f6ntgenov\u00fdch l\u00fa\u010dov alebo \u010dast\u00edc. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Chirurgia<\/strong>V niektor\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch sa pri oper\u00e1cii odstr\u00e1ni iba rakovinov\u00e9 tkanivo, \u010do sa naz\u00fdva lumpekt\u00f3mia. V in\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch sa m\u00f4\u017ee pri oper\u00e1cii odstr\u00e1ni\u0165 cel\u00fd prsn\u00edk, \u010do sa naz\u00fdva mastekt\u00f3mia. Ak sa rakovina roz\u0161\u00edrila, pri oper\u00e1cii sa m\u00f4\u017eu odstr\u00e1ni\u0165 aj lymfatick\u00e9 uzliny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lie\u010dba rakoviny prsn\u00edka sa st\u00e1va personalizovanej\u0161ou<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

S pokrokom v\u00fdskumu vedci uplat\u0148uj\u00fa \u010doraz viac personalizovan\u00fdch pr\u00edstupov na zlep\u0161enie v\u00fdsledkov pre pacientky. V pr\u00edpade skr\u00edningov z\u00e1visia vekov\u00e9 odpor\u00fa\u010dania a typy skr\u00edningu od rizika rakoviny prsn\u00edka u \u017eeny. Medzi niektor\u00e9 ned\u00e1vne a prebiehaj\u00face pokroky v starostlivosti patria:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vylep\u0161en\u00e9 skr\u00edningy<\/strong>Na rozdiel od mnoh\u00fdch in\u00fdch foriem rakoviny s\u00fa pre rakovinu prsn\u00edka k dispoz\u00edcii \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 skr\u00edningov\u00e9 testy. Pre \u013eud\u00ed s vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm rizikom ochorenia s\u00fa k dispoz\u00edcii \u010doraz citlivej\u0161ie typy skr\u00edningu \u2013 vr\u00e1tane magnetickej rezonancie a ultrazvuku. V\u00fdskumn\u00edci h\u013eadaj\u00fa sp\u00f4soby, ako vytvori\u0165 personalizovanej\u0161ie skr\u00edningy pre \u017eeny pod\u013ea ich \u00farovne rizika.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prisp\u00f4sobenie lie\u010dby n\u00e1doru<\/strong>Lie\u010dba rakoviny prsn\u00edka sa st\u00e1va \u010doraz personalizovanej\u0161ou, ke\u010f\u017ee v\u00fdskumn\u00edci a onkol\u00f3govia sa dozvedaj\u00fa viac o podtypoch n\u00e1dorov. N\u00e1dory rozde\u013euj\u00fa do skup\u00edn na z\u00e1klade ich charakterist\u00edk \u2013 napr\u00edklad \u010di maj\u00fa vysok\u00e9 hladiny prote\u00ednu HER2 alebo \u010di exprimuj\u00fa estrog\u00e9nov\u00e9 alebo progester\u00f3nov\u00e9 receptory. \u010c\u00edm viac onkol\u00f3g vie o type n\u00e1doru, t\u00fdm lep\u0161ie dok\u00e1\u017ee pacientovi priradi\u0165 lie\u010dbu, ktor\u00e1 bude pre neho naj\u00fa\u010dinnej\u0161ia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Umel\u00e1 inteligencia zlep\u0161uje lie\u010dbu rakoviny<\/strong>V\u010faka viacer\u00fdm inform\u00e1ci\u00e1m o typoch n\u00e1dorov a poznatkom o nov\u00fdch liekoch dok\u00e1\u017ee umel\u00e1 inteligencia analyzova\u0165 \u00fadaje, identifikova\u0165 vzorce a predpoveda\u0165 v\u00fdsledky. Tieto nov\u00e9 poznatky m\u00f4\u017eu pom\u00f4c\u0165 predpoveda\u0165 progresiu ochorenia a zlep\u0161i\u0165 schopnos\u0165 onkol\u00f3gov personalizova\u0165 lie\u010dbu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e1dej do bud\u00facnosti<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Boj proti rakovine prsn\u00edka pokro\u010dil \u010faleko v\u010faka pozoruhodn\u00e9mu pokroku v lie\u010dbe a v\u010dasnej detekcii. V\u010faka inov\u00e1ci\u00e1m, ako je personalizovan\u00e1 medic\u00edna a cielen\u00e9 terapie, sa vyhliadky pacientov neust\u00e1le zlep\u0161uj\u00fa. Tento v\u00fdvoj pon\u00faka n\u00e1dej na lep\u0161iu mieru pre\u017eitia, menej ved\u013eaj\u0161\u00edch \u00fa\u010dinkov a lep\u0161iu kvalitu \u017eivota. Hoci v\u00fdzvy pretrv\u00e1vaj\u00fa, prebiehaj\u00faci v\u00fdskum a odhodlanie n\u00e1js\u0165 \u00fa\u010dinnej\u0161ie lie\u010debn\u00e9 postupy dl\u00e1\u017edia cestu do bud\u00facnosti, v ktorej rakovina prsn\u00edka u\u017e nebude diagn\u00f3zou meniacou \u017eivot.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Breast cancer, is the world\u2019s most diagnosed neoplasm, occurring when breast cells multiply abnormally to become tumors. The disease accounts for one in every eight cancer diagnoses. In 2022, this meant that nearly 2.3 million people around the world were diagnosed with breast cancer for the first time, according to the World Health Organization. In […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2831,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[71,46,85,132,133],"class_list":["post-2811","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-health","tag-breast-cancer","tag-cancer","tag-oncology","tag-personalized-medicine","tag-treatment"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.worldcare.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2811","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.worldcare.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.worldcare.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.worldcare.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.worldcare.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2811"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.worldcare.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2811\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.worldcare.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2831"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.worldcare.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2811"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.worldcare.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2811"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.worldcare.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2811"}],"curies":[{"name":"pracovn\u00fd list","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}