Amyotrofick\u00e1 later\u00e1lna skler\u00f3za (ALS) je zriedkav\u00e9 progres\u00edvne neurodegenerat\u00edvne ochorenie, ktor\u00e9 sp\u00f4sobuje k\u00f4rnatenie mozgu a miechy, \u010do po\u0161kodzuje nervov\u00e9 bunky. Toto po\u0161kodenie nervov\u00fdch buniek nakoniec ohroz\u00ed schopnos\u0165 \u010dloveka dobrovo\u013ene pohybova\u0165 svalmi, \u010do ovplyvn\u00ed jeho schopnos\u0165 chodi\u0165, hovori\u0165, jes\u0165 alebo d\u00fdcha\u0165. Naz\u00fdva sa aj Lou Gehrigova choroba, pomenovan\u00e1 po hr\u00e1\u010dovi New York Yankees, ktor\u00e9mu bola t\u00e1to choroba diagnostikovan\u00e1 v roku 1939.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Zvy\u0161uj\u00face sa povedomie o ALS \u2013 napr\u00edklad v\u00fdzva Ice Bucket Challenge, ktor\u00e1 sa za\u010dala v roku 2014 a vyzbierala viac ako 1 420 mili\u00f3nov dol\u00e1rov \u2013 ur\u00fdchlilo v\u00fdskum pokroku v lie\u010dbe a adapt\u00edvnych zariadeniach, ktor\u00e9 pom\u00e1haj\u00fa \u013eu\u010fom s t\u00fdmto ochoren\u00edm \u017ei\u0165 lep\u0161ie a dlh\u0161ie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pr\u00ed\u010dina ALS nie je zn\u00e1ma. S touto chorobou je spojen\u00fdch viac ako 40 g\u00e9nov\u00fdch mut\u00e1ci\u00ed, ale iba desatina \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed \u0148ou trpia, m\u00e1 jednu z t\u00fdchto mut\u00e1ci\u00ed. V pr\u00edpadoch, ke\u010f m\u00e1 genetick\u00fa pr\u00ed\u010dinu, sa to ozna\u010duje ako famili\u00e1rna ALS. V zost\u00e1vaj\u00facich 90% pr\u00edpadoch nie je zn\u00e1ma \u017eiadna rodinn\u00e1 anamn\u00e9za.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010dlovek postupuje jednotliv\u00fdmi \u0161t\u00e1diami ALS pod\u013ea vlastnej \u010dasovej osi. Niektor\u00ed \u013eudia prejd\u00fa \u0161t\u00e1diami v priebehu nieko\u013ek\u00fdch rokov, zatia\u013e \u010do in\u00ed nimi bud\u00fa postupova\u0165 10 alebo dokonca 20 rokov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Na za\u010diatku m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 pr\u00edznaky nen\u00e1padn\u00e9. \u010casto postihuj\u00fa svaly, ktor\u00e9 ovl\u00e1daj\u00fa pohyb r\u00fak, pa\u017e\u00ed, n\u00f4h alebo chodidiel, alebo svaly, ktor\u00e9 ovl\u00e1daj\u00fa re\u010d a preh\u013atanie. Medzi skor\u00e9 pr\u00edznaky m\u00f4\u017eu patri\u0165 \u0165a\u017ekosti so zdvihnut\u00edm poh\u00e1ra alebo zmenou v\u00fd\u0161ky hlasu. Nakoniec ALS postupuje a m\u00f4\u017ee sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 svalov\u00e9 k\u0155\u010de a z\u00e1\u0161klby, ktor\u00e9 ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa schopnos\u0165 chodi\u0165, dr\u017ea\u0165 predmety a jasne hovori\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Zatia\u013e \u010do vedci pokra\u010duj\u00fa v h\u013eadan\u00ed lieku, existuj\u00fa sp\u00f4soby, ako m\u00f4\u017eu \u013eudia s ALS zmierni\u0165 svoje pr\u00edznaky:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Fyzioterapia<\/strong>Cvi\u010denia, ktor\u00e9 podporuj\u00fa rozsah pohybu, m\u00f4\u017eu pom\u00f4c\u0165 \u013eu\u010fom s ALS udr\u017ea\u0165 si flexibilitu a zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 stuhnutos\u0165 svalov. Fyzioterapeut m\u00f4\u017ee s ka\u017ed\u00fdm pacientom pracova\u0165 na v\u00fdvoji individu\u00e1lneho cvi\u010debn\u00e9ho programu, ktor\u00fd zodpoved\u00e1 potreb\u00e1m pacienta v jeho konkr\u00e9tnom \u0161t\u00e1diu ochorenia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Lieky<\/strong>Pr\u00edznaky ALS mo\u017eno lie\u010di\u0165 nieko\u013ek\u00fdmi liekmi. V Kanade je v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti schv\u00e1len\u00fdch p\u00e4\u0165 liekov; v USA ich je \u0161es\u0165. \u013dudia s ALS by sa mali poradi\u0165 so svoj\u00edm lek\u00e1rom, aby ur\u010dili liek, ktor\u00fd je pre nich najvhodnej\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Adapt\u00edvne vybavenie<\/strong>N\u00e1stroje m\u00f4\u017eu \u013eu\u010fom s ALS pom\u00f4c\u0165 vykon\u00e1va\u0165 ka\u017edodenn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti, a to aj po strate niektor\u00fdch motorick\u00fdch funkci\u00ed. Existuj\u00fa kuchynsk\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje, ktor\u00e9 \u013eu\u010fom pom\u00e1haj\u00fa \u013eah\u0161ie vari\u0165, pi\u0165 a jes\u0165; existuj\u00fa n\u00e1stroje na obliekanie, ktor\u00e9 u\u013eah\u010duj\u00fa obliekanie alebo zap\u00ednanie gomb\u00edkov; a existuj\u00fa hlasom ovl\u00e1dan\u00e9 ovl\u00e1dacie prvky, ktor\u00e9 moduluj\u00fa kusy dom\u00e1cich spotrebi\u010dov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00fdskum sa zameriava predov\u0161etk\u00fdm na tri oblasti:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Skor\u0161ia diagn\u00f3za.<\/strong> Lie\u010dba ALS m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 naj\u00fa\u010dinnej\u0161ia v skor\u0161om \u0161t\u00e1diu ochorenia, tak\u017ee \u010do najr\u00fdchlej\u0161ia diagnostika pacientov m\u00f4\u017ee zlep\u0161i\u0165 ich v\u00fdsledky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pokro\u010dil\u00e1 technol\u00f3gia na podporu \u013eud\u00ed s ALS.<\/strong> Vytvorenie nov\u00fdch adapt\u00edvnych n\u00e1strojov m\u00f4\u017ee pom\u00f4c\u0165 \u013eu\u010fom s ALS \u013eah\u0161ie sa pohybova\u0165 a komunikova\u0165. Inov\u00e1cie v rozhraniach mozog-po\u010d\u00edta\u010d s\u00fa s\u013eubn\u00e9 pre pomoc \u013eu\u010fom pri preklade mozgov\u00fdch sign\u00e1lov do re\u010di.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Spomalte progresiu.<\/strong> Nov\u00fd liek, schv\u00e1len\u00fd v roku 2023 \u00daradom pre kontrolu potrav\u00edn a lie\u010div (FDA), spoma\u013euje progresiu ochorenia u niektor\u00fdch pacientov zameran\u00edm sa na g\u00e9nov\u00fa mut\u00e1ciu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ke\u010f\u017ee v\u00fdskumn\u00edci h\u013eadaj\u00fa pr\u00ed\u010dinu ALS, n\u00e1dej mo\u017eno n\u00e1js\u0165 v neust\u00e1lom objavovan\u00ed nov\u00fdch liekov a terapi\u00ed. Tento pokrok umo\u017en\u00ed lek\u00e1rom pom\u00f4c\u0165 e\u0161te v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iemu po\u010dtu \u013eud\u00ed postihnut\u00fdch t\u00fdmto ochoren\u00edm \u017ei\u0165 lep\u0161\u00ed \u017eivot, zatia\u013e \u010do v\u00fdskumn\u00edci bud\u00fa pokra\u010dova\u0165 vo svojej pr\u00e1ci na n\u00e1jden\u00ed lie\u010dby.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rare progressive neurodegenerative disease that causes hardening in the brain and the spinal cord, which damages nerve cells. This nerve cell damage will eventually compromise a person\u2019s ability to move their muscles voluntarily, affecting their ability to walk, speak, eat, or breathe. It is also called Lou Gehrig\u2019s disease, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":2870,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[68,134,74,93,133],"class_list":["post-2869","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis","tag-als","tag-amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis","tag-neurodegenerative-diseases","tag-patient-support","tag-treatment"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.worldcare.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2869","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.worldcare.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.worldcare.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.worldcare.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.worldcare.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2869"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.worldcare.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2869\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.worldcare.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2870"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.worldcare.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2869"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.worldcare.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2869"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.worldcare.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2869"}],"curies":[{"name":"pracovn\u00fd list","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Ako vedci pracuj\u00fa na zmiernen\u00ed dopadov ALS?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n