Vroden\u00e9 vroden\u00e9 chyby, naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 aj vroden\u00e9 poruchy, s\u00fa abnormality pr\u00edtomn\u00e9 u det\u00ed u\u017e pri naroden\u00ed. Pod\u013ea Svetovej zdravotn\u00edckej organiz\u00e1cie (WHO) postihuj\u00fa pribli\u017ene \u0161es\u0165 percent p\u00f4rodov a chyby sa pohybuj\u00fa od miernych a\u017e po \u017eivot ohrozuj\u00face. Zatia\u013e \u010do niektor\u00e9 vroden\u00e9 vroden\u00e9 chyby sa daj\u00fa lie\u010di\u0165, in\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu ohrozi\u0165 zdravie \u010dloveka po\u010das cel\u00e9ho jeho \u017eivota. Preva\u017en\u00e1 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina anatomick\u00fdch ch\u00fdb sa v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti zist\u00ed in utero pomocou ultrazvuku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pribli\u017ene 90% z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch vroden\u00fdch ch\u00fdb sa vyskytuje v krajin\u00e1ch s n\u00edzkymi a\u017e stredn\u00fdmi pr\u00edjmami a obmedzen\u00fdmi zdrojmi, pravdepodobne kv\u00f4li nedostato\u010dn\u00e9mu pr\u00edstupu k lek\u00e1rskej starostlivosti, v\u00fd\u017eivnej strave a nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdm vplyvom prostredia. WHO odhaduje, \u017ee na celom svete ka\u017edoro\u010dne zomrie pribli\u017ene 240 000 novorodencov v d\u00f4sledku vroden\u00fdch ch\u00fdb a 170 000 det\u00ed vo veku od jedn\u00e9ho mesiaca do piatich rokov zomrie v d\u00f4sledku t\u00fdchto por\u00fach.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Zatia\u013e \u010do mnoh\u00e9 vroden\u00e9 chyby maj\u00fa nezn\u00e1me pr\u00ed\u010diny, in\u00e9 maj\u00fa rizikov\u00e9 faktory, medzi ktor\u00e9 patria:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2022 Genetick\u00e9 faktory:<\/strong> Men\u0161ina vroden\u00fdch ch\u00fdb je sp\u00f4soben\u00e1 genetick\u00fdmi chybami a chromoz\u00f3mov\u00fdmi abnormalitami, medzi ktor\u00e9 patria chromoz\u00f3mov\u00e9 chyby (pr\u00edli\u0161 m\u00e1lo alebo pr\u00edli\u0161 ve\u013ea chromoz\u00f3mov), mut\u00e1cia v jednom g\u00e9ne alebo dedi\u010dn\u00fd g\u00e9n. Toto riziko sa zvy\u0161uje, ak s\u00fa obaja rodi\u010dia krvne pr\u00edbuzn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2022 Kombin\u00e1cia faktorov:<\/strong> Niekedy sa genetick\u00e9 a environment\u00e1lne faktory kombinuj\u00fa a sp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa vroden\u00fa chybu, ktor\u00e1 je zn\u00e1ma ako multifaktori\u00e1lna vroden\u00e1 chyba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2022 Expoz\u00edcia \u017eivotn\u00e9ho prostredia:<\/strong> Medzi faktory prostredia, ktor\u00e9 zvy\u0161uj\u00fa riziko genetick\u00fdch defektov, patr\u00ed vystavenie zne\u010dis\u0165uj\u00facim l\u00e1tkam a \u017eiareniu, ako aj vystavenie infekci\u00e1m (vr\u00e1tane rubeoly a syfilisu) alebo drog\u00e1m a alkoholu v maternici.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Srdcov\u00e1 chyba je naj\u010dastej\u0161\u00edm typom vrodenej vrodenej chyby. M\u00f4\u017ee sa pohybova\u0165 od miernej chyby a\u017e po z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fa, ktor\u00e1 m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledok ch\u00fdbaj\u00face alebo zdeformovan\u00e9 \u010dasti srdca pri naroden\u00ed. Tieto chyby m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 diagnostikovan\u00e9 u\u017e v maternici, hoci niektor\u00e9 nemusia by\u0165 diagnostikovan\u00e9 a\u017e do hlbok\u00e9ho detstva. Hoci lie\u010dba bude z\u00e1visie\u0165 od typu srdcovej chyby, medic\u00ednsky pokrok v posledn\u00fdch rokoch viedol k tomu, \u017ee viac \u013eud\u00ed \u017eije dlh\u0161ie s vroden\u00fdmi srdcov\u00fdmi chybami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Neur\u00e1lna trubica sl\u00fa\u017ei v ranom \u0161t\u00e1diu tehotenstva ako vyv\u00edjaj\u00faci sa mozog aj miecha. Po\u010das zdrav\u00e9ho tehotenstva sa trubica rozdel\u00ed: vrchn\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 sa stane mozgom, zvy\u0161ok miechou. Ke\u010f sa tieto dve \u010dasti spr\u00e1vne neuzavr\u00fa, m\u00f4\u017ee d\u00f4js\u0165 k defektu neur\u00e1lnej trubice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Naj\u010dastej\u0161ou chybou miechy je r\u00e1z\u0161tep chrbtice (spina bifida), ktor\u00e1 sa m\u00f4\u017ee prejavova\u0165 v miernych pr\u00edpadoch, ktor\u00e9 nesp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa postihnutie, a\u017e po z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 pr\u00edpady, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu ovplyvni\u0165 pohyb n\u00f4h a funkciu mo\u010dov\u00e9ho mech\u00fara. Be\u017en\u00fdm typom vrodenej mozgovej chyby je anencef\u00e1lia, z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e1 chyba, ktor\u00e1 sp\u00f4sobuje, \u017ee sa die\u0165a narod\u00ed bez \u010dast\u00ed mozgu alebo lebky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ak sa tkanivo pery pred naroden\u00edm spr\u00e1vne neuzavrie, m\u00f4\u017ee vznikn\u00fa\u0165 r\u00e1z\u0161tep pery. V hornej pere vznikne otvor, ktor\u00fd m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 ve\u013ekos\u0165 od malej \u0161trbiny a\u017e po v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed otvor siahaj\u00faci do nosa. R\u00e1z\u0161tep podnebia vznik\u00e1, ke\u010f sa tkanivo na podneb\u00ed spr\u00e1vne neuzavrie. Oper\u00e1cia m\u00f4\u017ee lie\u010di\u0165 r\u00e1z\u0161tep pery alebo podnebia, aby sa minimalizovali negat\u00edvne \u00fa\u010dinky na d\u00fdchanie alebo re\u010d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ke\u010f m\u00e1 die\u0165a nadbyto\u010dn\u00fa k\u00f3piu ur\u010dit\u00e9ho chromoz\u00f3mu \u2013 chromoz\u00f3mu 21 \u2013 vyvinie sa u neho Downov syndr\u00f3m. To m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 k du\u0161evn\u00fdm a fyzick\u00fdm probl\u00e9mom a v\u00fdvojov\u00fdm oneskoreniam r\u00f4znej z\u00e1va\u017enosti. Hoci ide o celo\u017eivotn\u00fd stav, \u013eudia s Downov\u00fdm syndr\u00f3mom m\u00f4\u017eu vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 slu\u017eby, ktor\u00e9 tieto probl\u00e9my rie\u0161ia a pozit\u00edvne ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa kvalitu \u017eivota.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Hoci mnoh\u00e9 vroden\u00e9 chyby nemaj\u00fa zn\u00e1me pr\u00ed\u010diny, prijatie niektor\u00fdch opatren\u00ed m\u00f4\u017ee zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 riziko in\u00fdch. Napr\u00edklad, aby sa zn\u00ed\u017eilo riziko narodenia die\u0165a\u0165a s vrodenou srdcovou chybou, biologick\u00fd rodi\u010d m\u00f4\u017ee po\u010das tehotenstva podnikn\u00fa\u0165 nasleduj\u00face kroky:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2022 Jedzte v\u00fd\u017eivn\u00fa stravu vr\u00e1tane obohaten\u00fdch potrav\u00edn, ktor\u00e9 poskytuj\u00fa dostato\u010dn\u00fd pr\u00edjem kyseliny listovej alebo j\u00f3du.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2022 U\u017e\u00edvajte denne prenat\u00e1lne vitam\u00edny pre dostato\u010dn\u00fd pr\u00edjem \u017eiv\u00edn a vitam\u00ednov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2022 Presta\u0148te faj\u010di\u0165 a\/alebo sa vyh\u00fdbajte pas\u00edvnemu faj\u010deniu a nekonzumujte alkohol ani drogy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2022 Vyh\u00fdbajte sa vystaveniu \u0161kodliv\u00fdm materi\u00e1lom, ako je olovo, \u017eiarenie a pestic\u00eddy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2022 Zn\u00ed\u017ete riziko infekcie t\u00fdm, \u017ee nebudete konzumova\u0165 nedostato\u010dne tepelne upraven\u00e9 m\u00e4so a surov\u00e9 vajcia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2022 Zvl\u00e1dajte existuj\u00face zdravotn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my, ako je vysok\u00fd krvn\u00fd tlak a cukrovka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2022 Bu\u010fte aktu\u00e1lne o\u010dkovan\u00ed, najm\u00e4 o\u010dkovan\u00edm proti rubeole, ktor\u00e9 by sa malo poda\u0165 najmenej tri mesiace pred po\u010dat\u00edm, aby sa zabezpe\u010dila spr\u00e1vna imunita.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Hoci vroden\u00fdm chyb\u00e1m sa ned\u00e1 \u00faplne zabr\u00e1ni\u0165, osvojenie si zdrav\u00fdch n\u00e1vykov pred po\u010dat\u00edm a po\u010das tehotenstva m\u00f4\u017ee pom\u00f4c\u0165 zmierni\u0165 niektor\u00e9 rizik\u00e1. Pre osoby naroden\u00e9 s vroden\u00fdmi chybami modern\u00e1 veda neust\u00e1le napreduje a m\u00f4\u017ee poskytn\u00fa\u0165 lie\u010dbu, ktor\u00e1 mnoh\u00fdm umo\u017e\u0148uje \u017ei\u0165 plnohodnotn\u00fd a \u017eiariv\u00fd \u017eivot.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Congenital birth defects, also called congenital disorders, are abnormalities present in babies at the time of birth. They affect approximately six percent of births, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), and the defects range from mild to life-threatening. While some congenital birth defects can be treated, others may compromise a person\u2019s health throughout their […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2907,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[147,145,62,141,146],"class_list":["post-2906","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-congenital-birth-defects","tag-childrens-health","tag-congenital-birth-defects","tag-early-detection","tag-health-education","tag-pregnancy-health"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.worldcare.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2906","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.worldcare.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.worldcare.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.worldcare.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.worldcare.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2906"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.worldcare.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2906\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.worldcare.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2907"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.worldcare.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2906"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.worldcare.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2906"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.worldcare.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2906"}],"curies":[{"name":"pracovn\u00fd list","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Naj\u010dastej\u0161ie vroden\u00e9 chyby<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Srdcov\u00e9 chyby<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Defekty neur\u00e1lnej trubice<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
R\u00e1z\u0161tep pery\/podnebia<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Downov syndr\u00f3m<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Prevencia vroden\u00fdch ch\u00fdb<\/h3>\n\n\n\n