Rakovina ko\u017ee je naj\u010dastej\u0161ou formou rakoviny. Pod\u013ea Svetovej zdravotn\u00edckej organiz\u00e1cie (WHO) predstavuje rakovina ko\u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fa tretiu diagn\u00f3zu rakoviny. V roku 2020 bolo na celom svete diagnostikovan\u00fdch viac ako 1,5 mili\u00f3na nov\u00fdch pr\u00edpadov rakoviny ko\u017ee.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Rakovina ko\u017ee sa st\u00e1va \u010doraz roz\u0161\u00edrenej\u0161ou, \u010diasto\u010dne kv\u00f4li zn\u00ed\u017eeniu hladiny oz\u00f3nu. WHO odhaduje, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e9 zn\u00ed\u017eenie hladiny oz\u00f3nu o 10% vedie k viac ako 300 000 pr\u00edpadom rakoviny ko\u017ee na celom svete. Tu je to, \u010do potrebujete vedie\u0165 o rakovine ko\u017ee a ako m\u00f4\u017eete zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 svoje riziko.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kto je najviac ohrozen\u00fd rakovinou ko\u017ee?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Najvy\u0161\u0161ie riziko rakoviny ko\u017ee maj\u00fa belosi, najm\u00e4 \u013eudia so svetlou poko\u017ekou, modr\u00fdmi o\u010dami alebo svetl\u00fdmi vlasmi. K riziku rakoviny ko\u017ee prispieva aj sp\u00e1lenie od slnka v anamn\u00e9ze a rodinn\u00e1 anamn\u00e9za. Nadmern\u00e9 vystavenie ultrafialov\u00fdm l\u00fa\u010dom slnka a sol\u00e1ri\u00e1m ohrozuje \u013eud\u00ed v\u0161etk\u00fdch typov pleti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ak\u00fd je rozdiel medzi nemelan\u00f3mov\u00fdm a melan\u00f3mov\u00fdm typom rakoviny ko\u017ee?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Nemelan\u00f3mov\u00e9 rakoviny ko\u017ee za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fa vo vonkaj\u0161ej vrstve ko\u017ee. Najbe\u017enej\u0161\u00edmi typmi nemelan\u00f3mov\u00fdch druhov rakoviny s\u00fa bazocelul\u00e1rny karcin\u00f3m (najbe\u017enej\u0161ia forma rakoviny ko\u017ee) a spinocelul\u00e1rny karcin\u00f3m (druh\u00e1 naj\u010dastej\u0161ia forma rakoviny ko\u017ee).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Melan\u00f3m sa vyskytuje ove\u013ea menej \u010dasto. Za\u010d\u00edna v melanocytoch, ko\u017en\u00fdch bunk\u00e1ch, ktor\u00e9 produkuj\u00fa pigment, ktor\u00fd vytv\u00e1ra farbu poko\u017eky a vedie k op\u00e1leniu. Melan\u00f3my sa zvy\u010dajne vyskytuj\u00fa v hned\u00fdch alebo \u010diernych \u0161kvrn\u00e1ch na trupe alebo na noh\u00e1ch. U belochov sa pravdepodobne objav\u00ed aj na tv\u00e1ri alebo krku. U \u013eud\u00ed inej ako bielej pleti sa \u010dastej\u0161ie vyskytuje na dlaniach, pod chodidlami alebo pod nechtami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pre\u010do je melan\u00f3m nebezpe\u010dnou formou rakoviny ko\u017ee?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Melan\u00f3m sa ove\u013ea \u010dastej\u0161ie \u0161\u00edri do in\u00fdch \u010dast\u00ed tela v porovnan\u00ed s bazocelul\u00e1rnym karcin\u00f3mom alebo spinocelul\u00e1rnym karcin\u00f3mom. Naj\u010dastej\u0161ie sa pokro\u010dil\u00fd melan\u00f3m \u0161\u00edri do lymfatick\u00fdch uzl\u00edn, p\u013e\u00fac, pe\u010dene, kost\u00ed, mozgu a brucha.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Aj ke\u010f sa miera v\u00fdskytu in\u00fdch be\u017en\u00fdch druhov rakoviny zn\u00ed\u017eila, miera v\u00fdskytu melan\u00f3mu sa za posledn\u00fdch tridsa\u0165 rokov strojn\u00e1sobila, uv\u00e1dza Aliancia pre v\u00fdskum melan\u00f3mu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ako sa d\u00e1 lie\u010di\u0165 rakovina ko\u017ee?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Ke\u010f sa v\u0161etky typy rakoviny ko\u017ee zistia v\u010das \u2013 dokonca aj melan\u00f3my \u2013 \u0161ance na kurat\u00edvnu lie\u010dbu s\u00fa najvy\u0161\u0161ie. K dispoz\u00edcii je \u0161irok\u00e1 \u0161k\u00e1la lie\u010debn\u00fdch postupov v z\u00e1vislosti od typu, \u0161t\u00e1dia a umiestnenia n\u00e1doru. Patria sem lok\u00e1lne lieky, laserov\u00e1 chirurgia, exc\u00edzna chirurgia a r\u00e1dioterapia. Pri melan\u00f3moch sa m\u00f4\u017ee zv\u00e1\u017ei\u0165 aj chemoterapia, cielen\u00e1 terapia a imunoterapia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ako m\u00f4\u017eem zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 riziko rakoviny ko\u017ee?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Ak chcete zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 riziko rakoviny ko\u017ee, postupujte takto:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2022<\/strong> Chr\u00e1\u0148te si poko\u017eku pred \u0161kodliv\u00fdmi UV l\u00fa\u010dmi. To znamen\u00e1 zosta\u0165 v tieni, pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 opa\u013eovac\u00ed kr\u00e9m s SPF 15 alebo vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm a nosi\u0165 ochrann\u00fd klob\u00fak a oble\u010denie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2022<\/strong> Nepou\u017e\u00edvajte sol\u00e1ria. Sol\u00e1ria s\u00fa e\u0161te nebezpe\u010dnej\u0161ie ako vystavovanie sa slnku. Medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e1 agent\u00fara pre v\u00fdskum rakoviny zistila, \u017ee pou\u017e\u00edvanie sol\u00e1ria pred dov\u0155\u0161en\u00edm 35. roku \u017eivota je spojen\u00e9 so zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00edm rizika melan\u00f3mu (75%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2022<\/strong> Skontrolujte si poko\u017eku. Vy\u0161etrite si poko\u017eku na mo\u017en\u00fd melan\u00f3m. Nechajte sa pri kontrole poko\u017eky riadi\u0165 met\u00f3dou \u201cABCDE\u201d: asymetria (jedna strana sa l\u00ed\u0161i od druhej), okraj (zle definovan\u00fd okraj), farba (r\u00f4zne), priemer (zvy\u010dajne v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed ako ve\u013ekos\u0165 gumy na ceruzke) a v\u00fdvoj (zmeny v \u010dase). Ak m\u00e1te ak\u00e9ko\u013evek podozriv\u00e9 \u0161kvrny, kontaktujte dermatol\u00f3ga na vy\u0161etrenie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2022 <\/strong>Poznajte svoje riziko. Ak ste mali p\u00e4\u0165 alebo viac sp\u00e1len\u00edn od slnka, zdvojn\u00e1sobili ste svoje riziko vzniku melan\u00f3mu. Ak m\u00e1te niekoho vo svojej najbli\u017e\u0161ej rodine, kto mal melan\u00f3m, tie\u017e \u010del\u00edte vy\u0161\u0161iemu riziku; 10% pacientov s melan\u00f3mom m\u00e1 \u010dlena rodiny, ktor\u00fd mal tie\u017e melan\u00f3m. Ak ste mali ak\u00fdko\u013evek in\u00fd druh rakoviny ko\u017ee, \u010di u\u017e melan\u00f3m, bazocelul\u00e1rny karcin\u00f3m alebo spinocelul\u00e1rny karcin\u00f3m, tie\u017e \u010del\u00edte vy\u0161\u0161iemu riziku. Ak m\u00e1te zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 riziko, bu\u010fte mimoriadne opatrn\u00ed v prevencii. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee si \u010dasto kontrolujete matersk\u00e9 znamienka na tele, pravidelne nav\u0161tevujete dermatol\u00f3ga na vy\u0161etrenie ko\u017ee a chr\u00e1nite si poko\u017eku pred slnkom.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), skin cancer accounts for one in every three cancer diagnoses. In 2020, there were more than 1.5 million new skin cancer diagnoses around the world. Skin cancer is becoming increasingly prevalent, partly due to decreased levels of ozone levels. 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