S predl\u017eovan\u00edm \u017eivota \u013eud\u00ed sa neurologick\u00e9 ochorenia st\u00e1vaj\u00fa be\u017enej\u0161\u00edmi. Pod\u013ea Svetovej zdravotn\u00edckej organiz\u00e1cie trp\u00ed neurologick\u00fdmi poruchami pribli\u017ene miliarda \u013eud\u00ed na celom svete. V d\u00f4sledku toho s\u00fa tieto ochorenia v posledn\u00fdch desa\u0165ro\u010diach predmetom \u010doraz intenz\u00edvnej\u0161ieho lek\u00e1rskeho v\u00fdskumu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Neurodegenerat\u00edvne ochorenia vznikaj\u00fa, ke\u010f bunky centr\u00e1lneho nervov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu prestan\u00fa fungova\u0165 alebo odumieraj\u00fa. Tieto ochorenia sa \u010dasom zhor\u0161uj\u00fa a \u2013 v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti \u2013 na ne neexistuj\u00fa \u017eiadne lieky. V\u00fdskumn\u00edci sk\u00famaj\u00fa sp\u00f4soby, ako zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 riziko neurodegenerat\u00edvnych ochoren\u00ed alebo jedn\u00e9ho d\u0148a spomali\u0165 ich progresiu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Rizikov\u00e9 faktory neurodegenerat\u00edvnych ochoren\u00ed<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm rizikom neurodegenerat\u00edvnych ochoren\u00ed je vek. Napr\u00edklad pod\u013ea CDC sa pr\u00edznaky Alzheimerovej choroby zvy\u010dajne za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fa prejavova\u0165 po 60. roku \u017eivota a riziko vzniku pr\u00edznakov sa \u010dasom zvy\u0161uje. \u013dudia vo veku 85 rokov maj\u00fa takmer 50% riziko vzniku Alzheimerovej choroby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Medzi \u010fal\u0161ie rizik\u00e1 neurodegenerat\u00edvnych ochoren\u00ed patria:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Na zn\u00ed\u017eenie rizika neurogenerat\u00edvnych ochoren\u00ed lek\u00e1ri odpor\u00fa\u010daj\u00fa zmeny \u017eivotn\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00fdlu, ktor\u00e9 zlep\u0161uj\u00fa zdravie ciev. Napr\u00edklad fyzick\u00e1 aktivita je nevyhnutn\u00e1 na podporu prietoku krvi do mozgu a tela. \u010cl\u00e1nok v \u010dasopise Nature z decembra 2021 dokonca uv\u00e1dza: \u201cFyzick\u00e1 aktivita vyvol\u00e1va hlbok\u00e9 fyziologick\u00e9 reakcie vo viacer\u00fdch tkaniv\u00e1ch v \u017eivo\u010d\u00ed\u0161nej r\u00ed\u0161i a je uzn\u00e1van\u00e1 ako faktor, ktor\u00fd vo v\u0161eobecnosti zlep\u0161uje \u013eudsk\u00e9 zdravie. V\u00fdhody cvi\u010denia sa roz\u0161iruj\u00fa aj na pacientov s neurodegener\u00e1ciou a traumou mozgu, pravdepodobne zn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm neuroz\u00e1palu. Dlhodob\u00e9 dobrovo\u013en\u00e9 cvi\u010denie na my\u0161\u00edch modeloch Alzheimerovej choroby (AD) a s\u00favisiacich por\u00fach zlep\u0161uje u\u010denie a pam\u00e4\u0165 a zni\u017euje neuroz\u00e1pal.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Okrem toho, dobr\u00e1 sp\u00e1nkov\u00e1 hygiena, vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00e1 strava a zvl\u00e1danie stresu m\u00f4\u017eu tie\u017e podpori\u0165 zdravie ciev.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Alzheimerova choroba<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Alzheimerova choroba postihuje \u010das\u0165 mozgu, ktor\u00e1 riadi pam\u00e4\u0165, jazyk a myslenie. Pod\u013ea Alzheimerovej asoci\u00e1cie je to najbe\u017enej\u0161ie neurodegenerat\u00edvne ochorenie na svete, ktor\u00e9 postihuje viac ako 50 mili\u00f3nov \u013eud\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hoci nie je zriedkav\u00e1, Alzheimerova choroba nie je norm\u00e1lnym \u0161t\u00e1diom starnutia a nemala by sa zamie\u0148a\u0165 s typick\u00fdmi v\u00fdpadkami pam\u00e4ti s\u00favisiacimi s vekom. Hoci nie je nezvy\u010dajn\u00e9, \u017ee niekto s prib\u00fadaj\u00facim vekom zabudne meno alebo stretnutie, nie je norm\u00e1lne, \u017ee \u013eudia maj\u00fa probl\u00e9my s pam\u00e4\u0165ou, ktor\u00e9 im br\u00e1nia v ka\u017edodenn\u00fdch \u00faloh\u00e1ch, alebo \u017ee si klad\u00fa t\u00fa ist\u00fa ot\u00e1zku znova a znova. \u013dudia s Alzheimerovou chorobou si nemusia pam\u00e4ta\u0165, ako sa na nejak\u00e9 miesto dostali, alebo nie s\u00fa schopn\u00ed sledova\u0165 konverz\u00e1ciu. Alzheimerova choroba sa \u010dasom postupne zhor\u0161uje, ale \u010dasov\u00fd harmonogram progresie u ka\u017ed\u00e9ho \u010dloveka bude in\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Parkinsonova choroba<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pod\u013ea Parkinsonovej nad\u00e1cie \u017eije s Parkinsonovou chorobou na celom svete viac ako 10 mili\u00f3nov \u013eud\u00ed, \u010do z nej rob\u00ed druh\u00e9 naj\u010dastej\u0161ie neurodegenerat\u00edvne ochorenie na svete.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Parkinsonova choroba vytv\u00e1ra dva typy sympt\u00f3mov. Existuj\u00fa motorick\u00e9 pr\u00edznaky, ktor\u00e9 ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa pohyb. M\u00f4\u017ee \u00eds\u0165 o tras, \u0165a\u017ekosti s ch\u00f4dzou, slintanie alebo stuhnutos\u0165. Existuj\u00fa aj nemotorick\u00e9 pr\u00edznaky, medzi ktor\u00e9 patr\u00ed \u00fazkos\u0165, poruchy sp\u00e1nku, depresia a kognit\u00edvny pokles. \u013dudia s Parkinsonovou chorobou zvy\u010dajne najprv poci\u0165uj\u00fa nemotorick\u00e9 pr\u00edznaky a po progresii choroby sa u nich objavia motorick\u00e9 pr\u00edznaky. Parkinsonova choroba vyzer\u00e1 u ka\u017ed\u00e9ho inak a pr\u00edznaky, ktor\u00e9 sa objavuj\u00fa, a sp\u00f4sob ich progresie s\u00fa do zna\u010dnej miery individu\u00e1lne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Demyeliniza\u010dn\u00e9 poruchy<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Demyeliniza\u010dn\u00e9 poruchy, definovan\u00e9 ako ak\u00fdko\u013evek stav, ktor\u00fd vedie k po\u0161kodeniu myel\u00ednov\u00e9ho obalu, ochrann\u00e9ho obalu obklopuj\u00faceho mozog, miechu a zrakov\u00e9 nervy, \u010dasto ved\u00fa k svalovej slabosti, strate zraku, svalov\u00fdm k\u0155\u010dom a in\u00fdm neurologick\u00fdm probl\u00e9mom. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Najbe\u017enej\u0161ou a najzn\u00e1mej\u0161ou formou tohto typu ochorenia je skler\u00f3za multiplex (MS), ochorenie, pri ktorom imunitn\u00fd syst\u00e9m nap\u00e1da myel\u00ednov\u00fa po\u0161vu mozgu a\/alebo miechy a sp\u00f4sobuje po\u0161kodenie centr\u00e1lneho nervov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. Pod\u013ea N\u00e1rodnej spolo\u010dnosti pre skler\u00f3zu multiplex \u017eije s SM na celom svete viac ako 2,8 mili\u00f3na \u013eud\u00ed. Hoci neexistuje definit\u00edvne rozpoznan\u00e1 pr\u00ed\u010dina ochorenia ani zn\u00e1me sp\u00f4soby, ako mu predch\u00e1dza\u0165, prebiehaj\u00faci v\u00fdskum a v\u00fdvoj nov\u00fdch lie\u010debn\u00fdch postupov a terapi\u00ed pom\u00e1haj\u00fa \u013eu\u010fom, ktor\u00ed s\u00fa \u0148ou postihnut\u00ed, minimaliz\u00e1ciou vplyvu SM na ich ka\u017edodenn\u00fd \u017eivot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Lep\u0161\u00ed \u017eivot s neurodegenerat\u00edvnym ochoren\u00edm<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u013du\u010fom, ktor\u00ed u\u017e maj\u00fa neurodegenerat\u00edvne ochorenie, m\u00f4\u017eu lek\u00e1ri pon\u00faknu\u0165 sp\u00f4soby, ako zmierni\u0165 pr\u00edznaky ochorenia a zlep\u0161i\u0165 tak kvalitu \u017eivota. M\u00f4\u017eu to zah\u0155\u0148a\u0165 pom\u00f4cky na zlep\u0161enie pam\u00e4ti, denn\u00e9 rutiny a lieky. V\u00fdskumn\u00edci h\u013eadaj\u00fa \u010fal\u0161ie lieky, ktor\u00e9 pom\u00e1haj\u00fa kontrolova\u0165 behavior\u00e1lne a kognit\u00edvne sympt\u00f3my.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u017divot s neurologick\u00fdmi ochoreniami \u2013 alebo starostlivos\u0165 o niekoho, kto ich m\u00e1 \u2013 m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 stresuj\u00faci a n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd. Zdru\u017eenia m\u00f4\u017eu pacientom a ich opatrovate\u013eom poskytn\u00fa\u0165 n\u00e1stroje a zdroje na podporu ich fyzick\u00e9ho, du\u0161evn\u00e9ho a emocion\u00e1lneho zdravia.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
As people live longer, neurological diseases are becoming more common. About one billion people worldwide are affected by neurologic disorders, according to the World Health Organization. As a result, these diseases have been the focus of increasing and intense medical research over the past few decades. Neurodegenerative diseases occur when the cells of the central […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2913,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[33],"tags":[77,76,78,74,75],"class_list":["post-2912","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-neurodegenerative-diseases","tag-aging","tag-brain-health","tag-medical-research","tag-neurodegenerative-diseases","tag-neurological-disorders"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.worldcare.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2912","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.worldcare.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.worldcare.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.worldcare.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.worldcare.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2912"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.worldcare.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2912\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.worldcare.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2913"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.worldcare.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2912"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.worldcare.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2912"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.worldcare.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2912"}],"curies":[{"name":"pracovn\u00fd list","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}