{"id":2944,"date":"2019-10-28T01:12:00","date_gmt":"2019-10-28T06:12:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/worldcarenew.wpenginepowered.com\/?p=2944"},"modified":"2026-03-08T02:20:18","modified_gmt":"2026-03-08T07:20:18","slug":"zlaty-standard-diagnostiky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.worldcare.com\/sk\/the-gold-standard-of-diagnosis\/","title":{"rendered":"Zlat\u00fd \u0161tandard diagnostiky"},"content":{"rendered":"

Druh\u00fd lek\u00e1rsky n\u00e1zor od t\u00edmu odborn\u00edkov zvy\u010dajne poskytuje najpresnej\u0161ie poznatky<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e1rast chronick\u00fdch ochoren\u00ed, ako je rakovina a srdcov\u00e9 choroby, spolu so starn\u00facou popul\u00e1ciou viedol k situ\u00e1cii, ke\u010f lek\u00e1ri musia lie\u010di\u0165 pacientov trpiacich viacer\u00fdmi zdravotn\u00fdmi probl\u00e9mami. V d\u00f4sledku toho je klinick\u00e1 starostlivos\u0165 \u010doraz komplexnej\u0161ia. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 sa diagn\u00f3zy a lie\u010dba st\u00e1vaj\u00fa \u0161pecializovanej\u0161\u00edmi a personalizovanej\u0161\u00edmi. K zmen\u00e1m v t\u00fdchto oblastiach prispieva nieko\u013eko faktorov a druh\u00fd lek\u00e1rsky n\u00e1zor m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 jedn\u00fdm zo sp\u00f4sobov, ako tento probl\u00e9m rie\u0161i\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Faktory prispievaj\u00face k rast\u00facej komplexnosti klinickej starostlivosti<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Po prv\u00e9, schopnos\u0165 r\u00fdchlo vykon\u00e1va\u0165 genomick\u00fa anal\u00fdzu v\u010faka zlep\u0161eniam v technol\u00f3gii sekvenovania v kombin\u00e1cii s pokrokom v identifik\u00e1cii biomarkerov pre \u0161pecifick\u00e9 ochorenia poskytuje sp\u00f4sob, ako lep\u0161ie diagnostikova\u0165 pacientov. T\u00e1to oblas\u0165 je pripraven\u00e1 na ve\u013ek\u00e9 zmeny. Neust\u00e1le sa objavuj\u00fa nov\u00e9 biomarkery pre r\u00f4zne typy rakoviny. A o\u010dak\u00e1va sa, \u017ee aplik\u00e1cia rovnak\u00fdch techn\u00edk sa r\u00fdchlo roz\u0161\u00edri aj do \u010fal\u0161\u00edch oblast\u00ed medic\u00edny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Najm\u00e4 d\u00f4le\u017eitos\u0165 pou\u017e\u00edvania biomarkerov klinick\u00fdmi lek\u00e1rmi je kritickou novou oblas\u0165ou pre zlep\u0161enie diagn\u00f3z a lie\u010dby. Ned\u00e1vno si to v\u0161imla skupina r\u00e1diologick\u00fdch v\u00fdskumn\u00edkov. Sk\u00famali biomarkery<\/a> ktor\u00e9 informuj\u00fa lek\u00e1rov a v\u00fdskumn\u00edkov o genetick\u00fdch udalostiach, ktor\u00e9 poh\u00e1\u0148aj\u00fa v\u00fdvoj r\u00f4znych n\u00e1dorov. In\u00e9 biomarkery umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa lek\u00e1rom spr\u00e1vne ur\u010di\u0165, \u010di a kedy liek podan\u00fd pacientovi dosiahol n\u00e1dor. \u201cAkon\u00e1hle m\u00e1 onkol\u00f3g tieto inform\u00e1cie, m\u00f4\u017ee teraz pracova\u0165 na lie\u010dbe dan\u00e9ho pacienta presnej\u0161\u00edm a personalizovanej\u0161\u00edm sp\u00f4sobom, pri\u010dom lie\u010dbu skuto\u010dne zameria na dan\u00fd n\u00e1dor,\u201d povedal<\/a> Sabrina Ronen, PhD, riadite\u013eka Z\u00e1ujmov\u00e1 skupina pre v\u00fdskum mozgu (RIG)<\/a> a profesor na katedre r\u00e1diol\u00f3gie a biomedic\u00ednskeho zobrazovania na UCSF.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Po druh\u00e9, existuje hlb\u0161ie pochopenie ur\u010dit\u00fdch chor\u00f4b. Komplexn\u00e9 profilovanie na molekul\u00e1rnej \u00farovni viedlo k pochopeniu, \u017ee rakovina prsn\u00edka<\/a> nie je to samostatn\u00e9 ochorenie, ale \u201cheterog\u00e9nny komplex ochoren\u00ed, spektrum mnoh\u00fdch podtypov s odli\u0161n\u00fdmi biologick\u00fdmi vlastnos\u0165ami\u201d. Podobne \u201crakovina p\u013e\u00fac je v skuto\u010dnosti s\u00faborom tis\u00edcov zriedkav\u00fdch ochoren\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 sme pr\u00e1ve klasifikovali ako rakovinu p\u013e\u00fac\u201d.\u201d pod\u013ea jedn\u00e9ho z predstavite\u013eov farmaceutick\u00e9ho priemyslu<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A po tretie, tieto trendy ved\u00fa k zmene sp\u00f4sobu lie\u010dby pacientov. Zdravotn\u00edcky priemysel prech\u00e1dza od modelu \u201ejedno rie\u0161enie pre v\u0161etk\u00fdch\u201c k segment\u00e1cii pacientov na z\u00e1klade genetick\u00fdch a in\u00fdch faktorov, pou\u017e\u00edvaniu nov\u00fdch terapi\u00ed (z ktor\u00fdch niektor\u00e9 boli vyvinut\u00e9 na z\u00e1klade biomarkerov) a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9mu personalizovaniu lie\u010dby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010co je potrebn\u00e9?<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Tieto zmeny dokopy znamenaj\u00fa, \u017ee diagnostikovanie ochoren\u00ed, pl\u00e1novanie postupu a v\u00fdber spr\u00e1vnej lie\u010dby je dnes ove\u013ea zlo\u017eitej\u0161\u00ed proces, ktor\u00fd by mohol by\u0165 \u0165a\u017ek\u00fd z druh\u00e9ho lek\u00e1rskeho n\u00e1zoru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tradi\u010dn\u00e9 pr\u00edstupy k poskytovaniu zdravotn\u00edckych slu\u017eieb bohu\u017eia\u013e vzh\u013eadom na tieto zlo\u017eitosti nefunguj\u00fa dobre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pacienti s\u00fa \u010dasto zm\u00e4ten\u00ed, \u010do robi\u0165 \u010falej. \u010casto prech\u00e1dzaj\u00fa od jedn\u00e9ho \u0161pecialistu k druh\u00e9mu, k\u00fdm n\u00e1jdu niekoho, kto dok\u00e1\u017ee diagnostikova\u0165 ich probl\u00e9my. Logisticky si musia napl\u00e1nova\u0165 viacero term\u00ednov a cestova\u0165 z jednej ordin\u00e1cie do druhej. To m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 ku kritick\u00e9mu oneskoreniu v diagnostike a lie\u010dbe. A \u010do je hor\u0161ie, jednotliv\u00ed \u0161pecialisti \u010dasto predpisuj\u00fa nadbyto\u010dn\u00e9 z\u00e1kroky a lie\u010dia pacientov izolovane, s malou koordin\u00e1ciou a vz\u00e1jomn\u00fdm prispen\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aby sme si komplexnos\u0165 situ\u00e1cie uvedomili v perspekt\u00edve, zv\u00e1\u017ete typick\u00fd (pre dne\u0161ok) pr\u00edstup k diagnostikovaniu pacienta s rakovinou a ur\u010deniu najlep\u0161\u00edch mo\u017enost\u00ed lie\u010dby. Cesta pacienta zvy\u010dajne za\u010d\u00edna nejak\u00fdm typom krvn\u00e9ho testu alebo zobrazovac\u00edmi met\u00f3dami na odhalenie n\u00e1doru. \u010eal\u0161\u00edm krokom by bolo posla\u0165 pacienta na biopsiu, aby sa n\u00e1dor podrobnej\u0161ie vy\u0161etril. Vyhodnotenie v\u00fdsledkov biopsie m\u00f4\u017ee vy\u017eadova\u0165 patol\u00f3ga a cytol\u00f3ga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u010faka zlep\u0161eniam v technol\u00f3gii sekvenovania by sa \u010falej mohla vykona\u0165 genetick\u00e1 anal\u00fdza s cie\u013eom pochopi\u0165 genetick\u00e9 zlo\u017eenie individu\u00e1lneho pacienta aj n\u00e1doru. Tak\u00e9to pochopenie umo\u017e\u0148uje vysoko cielen\u00fa terapiu (niekedy naz\u00fdvan\u00fa \u201cpresn\u00e1 medic\u00edna\u201d), pri\u010dom charakteristiky rakovinov\u00e9ho n\u00e1doru a genetick\u00fd profil pacienta riadia diagnostiku, lie\u010debn\u00e9 postupy, klinick\u00e9 sk\u00fa\u0161ky a poznatky o rakovine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zatia\u013e \u010do pou\u017e\u00edvanie genetick\u00fdch markerov a s\u00favisiacich lie\u010debn\u00fdch protokolov sa v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti pova\u017euje za \u0161tandard, nov\u00e9 markery sa objavuj\u00fa r\u00fdchlo. V\u00fdskum v oblasti cielenej a imunoterapie r\u00fdchlo prid\u00e1va \u010fal\u0161ie vrstvy mo\u017enost\u00ed k t\u00fdmto zaveden\u00fdm lie\u010debn\u00fdm postupom. Pacient by napr\u00edklad mohol ma\u0165 \u00fa\u017eitok z novej klinickej \u0161t\u00fadie zameranej na jeho \u0161pecifick\u00fa formu rakoviny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tento proces od diagn\u00f3zy a\u017e po v\u00fdvoj lie\u010dby si vy\u017eaduje \u00fa\u010das\u0165 mnoh\u00fdch \u0161pecialistov a sub\u0161pecialistov. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina klin\u00edk jednoducho nem\u00e1 v\u0161etky odborn\u00e9 znalosti pod jednou strechou. Z tohto d\u00f4vodu sa \u010doraz viac uzn\u00e1va, \u017ee lep\u0161\u00edm pr\u00edstupom je, aby sa pacient obr\u00e1til na organiz\u00e1ciu, ktor\u00e1 m\u00f4\u017ee \u010derpa\u0165 z multidisciplin\u00e1rneho t\u00edmu odborn\u00edkov z viacer\u00fdch in\u0161tit\u00faci\u00ed, ktor\u00ed bud\u00fa spolupracova\u0165 na v\u0161etk\u00fdch aspektoch starostlivosti o pacienta prostredn\u00edctvom druh\u00e9ho lek\u00e1rskeho n\u00e1zoru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zlo\u017eitos\u0165 stanovenia spr\u00e1vnej diagn\u00f3zy a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9ho v\u00fdberu najvhodnej\u0161ej lie\u010dby si vy\u017eaduje tak\u00fdto multidisciplin\u00e1rny a multiin\u0161titucion\u00e1lny pr\u00edstup, aby sa predi\u0161lo chyb\u00e1m. \u0160t\u00fadia In\u0161tit\u00fatu medic\u00edny (IOM) N\u00e1rodn\u00fdch akad\u00e9mi\u00ed vied, in\u017einierstva a medic\u00edny pouk\u00e1zala na rozsah probl\u00e9mu nespr\u00e1vnej diagn\u00f3zy: Chyby v diagn\u00f3ze predstavuj\u00fa odhadom 10 percent \u00famrt\u00ed pacientov, st\u00e1tis\u00edce ne\u017eiaducich udalost\u00ed a zna\u010dn\u00fa \u010das\u0165 platen\u00fdch n\u00e1rokov na od\u0161kodnenie za lek\u00e1rsku nedbanlivos\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Je potrebn\u00e1 lep\u0161ia komunik\u00e1cia<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm prispievate\u013eom k probl\u00e9mu je slab\u00e1 komunik\u00e1cia medzi poskytovate\u013emi zdravotnej starostlivosti. Najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edm odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00edm IOM je u\u013eah\u010di\u0165 efekt\u00edvnej\u0161iu t\u00edmov\u00fa pr\u00e1cu medzi lek\u00e1rmi, zdravotn\u00fdmi sestrami, in\u0161tit\u00faciami, pacientmi a ich rodinami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aby bol diagnostick\u00fd proces efekt\u00edvnej\u0161\u00ed, mus\u00ed by\u0165 dynamickou, t\u00edmovou \u010dinnos\u0165ou, v r\u00e1mci ktorej zdravotn\u00edcki pracovn\u00edci v r\u00f4znych in\u0161tit\u00faci\u00e1ch \u2013 ktor\u00ed maj\u00fa pr\u00edstup k vy\u0161\u0161ie op\u00edsan\u00fdm typom technol\u00f3gi\u00ed \u2013 efekt\u00edvne komunikuj\u00fa nielen medzi sebou, ale aj s pacientom. T\u00e1to spolupr\u00e1ca je pre pacientov s rakovinou d\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ia ako kedyko\u013evek predt\u00fdm v\u010faka r\u00fdchlemu pokroku v detekcii a profilovan\u00ed n\u00e1dorov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fdmto sp\u00f4sobom si lek\u00e1r, ktor\u00fd sa \u0161pecializuje v jednej oblasti, m\u00f4\u017ee zavola\u0165 \u0161pecialistov z r\u00f4znych oblast\u00ed v r\u00f4znych in\u0161tit\u00faci\u00e1ch, aby prediskutovali a ur\u010dili najlep\u0161ie kroky pre diagnostiku a lie\u010dbu. Pacienti potrebuj\u00fa menej n\u00e1v\u0161tev kliniky, mo\u017eno minimalizova\u0165 testy a postupy, mo\u017eno sa vyhn\u00fa\u0165 diagnostick\u00fdm chyb\u00e1m a mo\u017eno zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 potenci\u00e1lne ne\u017eiaduce \u00fa\u010dinky samostatne predp\u00edsanej lie\u010dby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pre mnoh\u00e9 zdravotn\u00edcke organiz\u00e1cie by bolo zostavenie t\u00edmu multidisciplin\u00e1rnych \u0161pecialistov v takomto pr\u00edpade nepraktick\u00e9. Potrebn\u00ed \u0161pecialisti s\u00fa pravdepodobne geograficky rozpt\u00fdlen\u00ed a n\u00e1klady na udr\u017eiavanie ve\u013ek\u00e9ho t\u00edmu \u0161pecialistov, z ktor\u00fdch ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u00e1 r\u00f4zne odborn\u00e9 znalosti, s\u00fa ne\u00fanosn\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00f4\u017eete ma\u0165 t\u00edm \u0161pecialistov<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Tam je<\/em> organiz\u00e1cia, ktor\u00e1 poskytuje tento multidisciplin\u00e1rny, in\u0161titucion\u00e1lny pr\u00edstup. WorldCare sp\u00e1ja svojich \u010dlenov a ich ur\u010den\u00fdch lek\u00e1rov s popredn\u00fdmi lek\u00e1rskymi odborn\u00edkmi v \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00fdch nemocniciach a v\u00fdskumn\u00fdch centr\u00e1ch. WorldCare poskytuje svojim \u010dlenom pr\u00edstup k t\u00edmom \u0161pecialistov, ktor\u00ed posudzuj\u00fa ich pr\u00edpady, zabezpe\u010duj\u00fa presnos\u0165 diagn\u00f3zy a odpor\u00fa\u010daj\u00fa optim\u00e1lny lie\u010debn\u00fd pl\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 vyu\u017e\u00edva slu\u017eby iba t\u00fdch najhodnotnej\u0161\u00edch fakultn\u00fdch a v\u00fdskumn\u00fdch nemocn\u00edc v Severnej Amerike, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa strategicky prepojen\u00e9 so spolo\u010dnos\u0165ou WorldCare, aby poskytla klinicky d\u00f4kladn\u00e9 druh\u00e9 lek\u00e1rske posudky. Ke\u010f si \u010dlenovia objednaj\u00fa WorldCare na pos\u00fadenie svojho stavu, zap\u00e1jaj\u00fa do toho t\u00edm \u0161pecializovan\u00fdch \u0161pecialistov a sub\u0161pecialistov, ktor\u00ed s\u00fa vybaven\u00ed najnov\u0161\u00edmi medic\u00ednskymi poznatkami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010clenovia WorldCare nemusia nikam cestova\u0165, aby videli t\u00fdchto \u0161pecialistov, ktor\u00ed posudzuj\u00fa ich pr\u00edpad. WorldCare praktizuje virtu\u00e1lnu medic\u00ednu a poskytuje druh\u00fd lek\u00e1rsky n\u00e1zor pomocou digit\u00e1lnej komunik\u00e1cie. Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 zhroma\u017e\u010fuje, kontroluje a konsoliduje v\u0161etky relevantn\u00e9 zdravotn\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy v mene svojich \u010dlenov a z\u00e1rove\u0148 na\u010drt\u00e1va k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa ich \u010dlenovia a ich o\u0161etruj\u00faci lek\u00e1ri o ich stave. WorldCare potom po\u0161le z\u00e1znamy a ot\u00e1zky \u010dlena multidisciplin\u00e1rnemu t\u00edmu, aby ich skontroloval a poskytol potvrdenie ich diagn\u00f3zy a odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00e9ho lie\u010debn\u00e9ho postupu. Ich zistenia sa potom po\u0161l\u00fa sp\u00e4\u0165 do WorldCare, ktor\u00e1 v\u0161etky inform\u00e1cie op\u00e4\u0165 skontroluje a zbal\u00ed ich spolu s \u010fal\u0161\u00edmi cenn\u00fdmi inform\u00e1ciami a zdrojmi a po\u0161le prisp\u00f4soben\u00fa bro\u017e\u00faru WorldCare MSO sp\u00e4\u0165 svojmu \u010dlenovi a jeho ur\u010den\u00e9mu lek\u00e1rovi. Bro\u017e\u00fara WorldCare MSO obsahuje potvrdenie ich diagn\u00f3zy a poskytuje im obom odpor\u00fa\u010dania t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa lie\u010debn\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nu. Roky a roky lek\u00e1rskych znalost\u00ed \u2013 aplikovan\u00e9 na ka\u017ed\u00fd pr\u00edpad a doru\u010den\u00e9 a\u017e k dver\u00e1m \u010dlena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cDigit\u00e1lne replikujeme, ak\u00e9 je to vst\u00fapi\u0165 do jednej z najlep\u0161\u00edch zdravotn\u00edckych in\u0161tit\u00faci\u00ed na svete,\u201d hovor\u00ed Richard Heinzl, MD, MPH, glob\u00e1lny lek\u00e1rsky riadite\u013e spolo\u010dnosti WorldCare. \u201cNa\u0161\u00edm cie\u013eom je poskytn\u00fa\u0165 najpresnej\u0161iu diagn\u00f3zu a najlep\u0161ie v\u00fdsledky ka\u017ed\u00e9mu, kto sa pot\u00fdka s v\u00e1\u017enym ochoren\u00edm. N\u00e1\u0161 multidisciplin\u00e1rny a multiin\u0161titucion\u00e1lny pr\u00edstup n\u00e1m to umo\u017e\u0148uje. Preto to pova\u017eujeme za zlat\u00fd \u0161tandard.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zistite viac<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pozri\u00a0\u201cJednoduch\u00fd proces WorldCare na z\u00edskanie druh\u00e9ho lek\u00e1rskeho n\u00e1zoru\u201d<\/a>\u00a0Pre viac inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o tom, ako WorldCare posudzuje pr\u00edpady a poskytuje druh\u00e9 lek\u00e1rske posudky. Ak nie ste \u010dlenom, kontaktujte svoju pois\u0165ov\u0148u alebo zamestn\u00e1vate\u013ea a informujte ich o tejto d\u00f4le\u017eitej slu\u017ebe. Ak m\u00e1te z\u00e1ujem pon\u00faknu\u0165 t\u00fato slu\u017ebu svojim zamestnancom alebo opr\u00e1vnen\u00fdm \u010dlenom, kontaktujte WorldCare na adrese marketing@worldcare.com.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A medical second opinion from a team of experts tends to yield the most accurate insights The rise of chronic illnesses like cancer and heart disease, along with an aging population, has led to a situation where doctors must manage patients suffering from multiple health problems. As a result, clinical care is increasingly complex. At […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2945,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[57,110,55,111,104],"class_list":["post-2944","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-diagnosis","tag-diagnosis","tag-medical-expertise","tag-medical-second-opinion","tag-specialist-review","tag-treatment-planning"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.worldcare.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2944","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.worldcare.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.worldcare.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.worldcare.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.worldcare.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2944"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.worldcare.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2944\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.worldcare.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2945"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.worldcare.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2944"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.worldcare.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2944"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.worldcare.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2944"}],"curies":[{"name":"pracovn\u00fd list","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}